Indian Self-Determination and Indian Education Assistance Act

An era of tribal termination ends

Signed into law in 1975, the Indian Self-Determination and Indian Education Assistance Act reversed 30-years of termination policies.

President Richard Nixon

The first president to truly push for Native American self-determination and independence

• Historic Figures

Nixon was the 37th president of the United States and it was during his term that important changes for Native American policy would take place.

Indian Reorganization Act

Proposed to restore more sovereignty to the Native American people

The Wheeler-Howard Bill became known as the Indian Reorganization Bill or IRA. It was proposed by the new Commissioner of Indian Affairs.

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Neal McCaleb: Tribal Contributions

Meet Our People – The Enduring Spirit of the Chickasaw Nation

• Profiles of a Nation

Neal McCaleb discusses the ways in which tribal governments have become major players in healthcare, business and other fields.

American Indian Movement

Founded to reverse ruinous federal policies and renew the spirit of American Indian people

The late 1960s was a period of unrest for many in the United States, including American Indians, many of whom felt they were not being treated fairly.

Indian Citizenship Act

First Americans denied citizenship until now

This Act, also known as the Snyder Act, was named in honor of Representative Homer P. Snyder of New York. It granted Indians full U.S. citizenship.

Legislation and the Choate Case

A landmark land and taxation legal ruling for the Chickasaw Nation

In November of 1910, Congress acted to sell a portion of the unallotted land, which included 750,000 acres of Chickasaw land.

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Tribal Sovereignty: The Marshall Trilogy

Neal McCaleb, Ambassador At-Large, Chickasaw Nation

• Historic Figures

Chief Justice John Marshall upheld the Five Civilized Tribes' right to govern themselves.

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Nixon's Vision: An Enlightened Indian Policy

Neal McCaleb, Ambassador At-Large, Chickasaw Nation

The late 1960s were a period of protest and unrest for many in the U.S., including American Indians.

Dawes Act

Destroyed tribal land tenure and opened treaty lands to non-Indian private ownership

In 1887, Congress enacted the General Allotment Act, also known as the Dawes Act. The purpose and effect of the Act was to destroy tribal land tenure.